{"id":908,"date":"2009-07-26T18:00:12","date_gmt":"2009-07-26T10:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ddcat.net\/blog\/?p=908"},"modified":"2009-07-26T18:00:12","modified_gmt":"2009-07-26T10:00:12","slug":"4-3%e4%bc%aa%e7%b1%bb%e4%b8%8e%e4%bc%aa%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.ddcat.net\/blog\/index.php\/2009\/07\/26\/4-3%e4%bc%aa%e7%b1%bb%e4%b8%8e%e4%bc%aa%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0\/","title":{"rendered":"4.3\u4f2a\u7c7b\u4e0e\u4f2a\u5143\u7d20[1]–4.3.1 \u4f2a\u7c7b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4f2a\u7c7b\u548c\u4f2a\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5668\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u79f0\u201c\u4f2a\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6e90\u6587\u6863\u6216\u8005\u6587\u6863\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u53c8\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

4.3.1 \u4f2a\u7c7b\uff08Pseudo-Classes\uff09<\/h3>\n

\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4f2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u666e\u901a\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u9f20\u6807\u60ac\u505c\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u5df2\u70b9\u51fb\u8fc7\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u524d\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u5728XHTML\u5185\u5bf9a\u5143\u7d20\u8bbe\u5b9aclass\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6548\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\n<\/p>\n

\n
a:link { color: blue; }\na:visited { color: green; }\na:hover { color: red; }\na:active { color:yellow; }<\/pre>\n
<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ddcat.net\/\">\u94fe\u63a51<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.4css.cn\/\">\u94fe\u63a52<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/color.ddcat.net\/\">\u94fe\u63a53<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/bbs.ddcat.net\/\">\u94fe\u63a54<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u8bfb\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u5185[\/\u7b2c2\u90e8\u5206\/\u7b2c4\u7ae0\uff1a\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u9009\u62e9\u5668\/ pseudo_classes.html]\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/div>\n
\u4f2a\u7c7b\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u5192\u53f7\u201c:\u201d\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
div:hover { \u2026\u2026 }\ninput:focus { \u2026\u2026 }<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
1. \u94fe\u63a5\u4f2a\u7c7b :link\u548c:visited<\/h4>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u533a\u5206\u54ea\u4e9b\u94fe\u63a5\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u70b9\u51fb\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5728\u663e\u793a\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u5df2\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u603b\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002CSS\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0b\u9762\u4e24\u79cd\u4f2a\u7c7b\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  • :link\u4f2a\u7c7b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fd8\u672a\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n
  • :visited\u4f2a\u7c7b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5f53\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u6e05\u9664\u4e86\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5df2\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u4f1a\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/div>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
    2. \u52a8\u6001\u4f2a\u7c7b :hover\u3001:active\u548c:focus<\/h4>\n
    \u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7aef\u6709\u65f6\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6539\u53d8\u6e32\u67d3\u6548\u679c\u3002CSS\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f2a\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \n
    • :hover\u4f2a\u7c7b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u4ee5\u67d0\u4e2a\u6307\u70b9\u8bbe\u5907\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5b83\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9f20\u6807\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bb5\u843d\u65f6\u5e94\u7528\u8be5\u4f2a\u7c7b\u3002<\/li>\n
    • :active\u4f2a\u7c7b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u7528\u6237\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7528\u6237\u6309\u4e0b\u9f20\u6807\u5230\u653e\u5f00\u9f20\u6807\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u3002<\/li>\n
    • :focus\u4f2a\u7c7b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u83b7\u5f97\u7126\u70b9\uff08\u63a5\u53d7\u952e\u76d8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u5165\uff09\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f2a\u7c7b\u4e92\u4e0d\u6392\u65a5\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \n
      input:focus { background: yellow }\ninput:focus:hover { background: white }  \/* \u5339\u914d\u5728\u4f2a\u7c7b:focus\u548c\u4f2a\u7c7b:hover\u4e2d\u7684input\u5143\u7d20\u3002 *\/<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      \u6ce8\u610f\uff1aCSS\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u5165\u548c\u79bb\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7aef\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6307\u5411\u548c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5728CSS1\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c:active\u201d\u4f2a\u7c7b\u548c\u201c:link\u201d\u3001\u201c:visited\u201d\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u3002\u800c\u5728CSS2\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e2\u662f\u201c:visited\u201d\u53c8\u662f\u201c:active\u201d\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u9002\u7528\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u7531\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5c42\u53e0\u89c4\u5219\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u6ce8\u610f\uff1aIE 6.0\u53ca\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u53ea\u652f\u6301a\u5143\u7d20\u7684:hover\u4f2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u800cIE 7.0\u3001Firefox 2.0\u53caOpera 8.5\u7b49\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u652f\u6301\u5176\u5b83\u5143\u7d20\u7684:hover\u4f2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982div:hover { \u2026\u2026 }\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n
      :focus\u4f2a\u7c7b\u548c:hover\u4f2a\u7c7b\u5f88\u50cf\uff0c:hover\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u7684\u9f20\u6807\u7ecf\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u800c:focus\u5219\u662f\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u70b9\u51fb\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528Tab\u952e\u8df3\u5165\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff08\u5373\u5143\u7d20\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u201c\u7126\u70b9\u201d\u65f6\uff09\u751f\u6548\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u8868\u5355\u4e0a\u8bbe\u5b9a:focus\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u76ee\u524d\u5149\u6807\u6240\u5904\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \n
      input:hover { border:1px solid red; }\ninput:focus { background: #9CF; }<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
      \u5219\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5982\u56fe4-20\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
      \"\u56fe4-20\"
      \u56fe4-20 :focus\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/p><\/div>\n
      \u6ce8\u610f\uff1aIE 7.0\u53ca\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u7248\u672c\u90fd\u4e0d\u652f\u6301:focus\u4f2a\u7c7b\u3002<\/div>\n
      3. \u591a\u79cd\u94fe\u63a5\u6837\u5f0f<\/h4>\n
      \u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u548c\u4f2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u9875\u9762\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5143\u7d20\u5185\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684CSS\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\u5217\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5185\u7684\u663e\u793a\u5982\u56fe4-21\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
      \n
      div a:link { color: blue; }\ndiv a:visited { color: gray; }\ndiv a:hover { color: red; }\np a:link { color: green; }\np a:visited { color: brown; }\np a:hover { color: gold; }<\/pre>\n
      <div>div\u4e2d\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ddcat.net\/\" title=\"\u6d4b\u8bd5\u94fe\u63a5\">\u94fe\u63a51<\/a>\uff0c\n    <a href=\"http:\/\/bbs.ddcat.net\/\" title=\"\u6d4b\u8bd5\u94fe\u63a5\">\u94fe\u63a52<\/a>\uff0c\n    <a href=\"#\" title=\"\u6d4b\u8bd5\u94fe\u63a5\">\u94fe\u63a53<\/a>\u3002\n<\/div>\n<p>p\u4e2d\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ddcat.net\/\" title=\"\u6d4b\u8bd5\u94fe\u63a5\">\u94fe\u63a51<\/a>\uff0c\n    <a href=\"http:\/\/bbs.ddcat.net\/\" title=\"\u6d4b\u8bd5\u94fe\u63a5\">\u94fe\u63a52<\/a>\uff0c\n    <a href=\"#\" title=\"\u6d4b\u8bd5\u94fe\u63a5\">\u94fe\u63a53<\/a>\u3002\n<\/p><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
      \u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u8bfb\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u5185[\/\u7b2c2\u90e8\u5206\/\u7b2c4\u7ae0\uff1a\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u9009\u62e9\u5668\/ a.html]\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/div>\n
      \"\u56fe4-21\"
      \u56fe4-21\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u989c\u8272\u7684\u94fe\u63a5<\/p><\/div>\n
      4. \u5b50\u5143\u7d20\u4f2a\u7c7b :first-child<\/h4>\n
      \u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982<ul>\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a<li>\uff09\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u201c:first-child\u201d\u4f2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u5176\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \n
      E:first-child { \u2026\u2026 }<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
      \u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c4\u5219\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u67d0\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50<\/em>\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e14\u6b64\u5b50\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3aE\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u56fe4-22\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
      \"\u56fe4-22\"
      \u56fe4-22 :first-child\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/p><\/div>\n
      \u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u8bfb\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u5185[\/\u7b2c2\u90e8\u5206\/\u7b2c4\u7ae0\uff1a\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u9009\u62e9\u5668\/ first-child.html]\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u63d0\u793a\uff1aIE 6.0\u53ca\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5219\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u201c:first-child\u201d\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n
      5. \u8bed\u8a00\u4f2a\u7c7b :lang<\/h4>\n
      \u5982\u679c\u6587\u6863\u8bed\u8a00\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5199\u51faCSS\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u6765\u5339\u914d\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5728HTML\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u7531lang\u5c5e\u6027\u3001<meta>\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u6709\u4ece\u534f\u8bae\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u5982HTTP\u5934\uff09\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u800cXML\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2axml:lang\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u4f2a\u7c7b:lang(C)\u5339\u914d\u4ee5\u8bed\u8a00C\u8868\u793a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u201cC\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5728\u300aHTML 4.0\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u300aRFC 1766\u300b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5339\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u201c|=\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5185\u7684\u663e\u793a\u5982\u56fe4-23\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
      \n
      :lang(en) { color:blue;}<\/pre>\n
      <p lang=\"en\" xml:lang=\"en\">lang=&quot;en&quot;<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-US\" xml:lang=\"en-US\">lang=&quot;en-US&quot;<\/p>\n<p lang=\"uk\" xml:lang=\"uk\">lang=&quot;uk&quot;<\/p><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
      \"\u56fe4-23\"
      \u56fe4-23 :lang\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/p><\/div>\n
      \n
      \n
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